Medical Scientists
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities.
BLS SOC 19-1042 · O*NET-SOC 19-1042.00 · BLS 2025–2035 · O*NET 31.0
Median annual wage, 2025
$103,410
Projected change, 2025–2035
12.6%
2025–2035 annual average openings
10,500
AI exposure
Very high
Editorial analysis
The laboratory is beginning to generate its own next question
AI is moving beyond simply helping medical scientists analyze datasets. Research systems can increasingly search literature, suggest hypotheses, identify promising biological relationships, design candidate experiments, write analysis code, and help interpret results. When connected with laboratory automation, parts of the experimental cycle can run with far less manual intervention.
A faster scientific loop
The traditional cycle of reading, hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, and deciding what to test next can take weeks or months. AI may compress portions of that loop dramatically, allowing researchers to examine more possibilities and abandon unpromising directions sooner.
- Literature synthesis and data analysis can accelerate.
- AI can help identify candidate drugs, targets, biomarkers, or experimental directions.
- Automated laboratories may execute increasingly complex sequences of experiments.
- Scientists still need to judge whether a hypothesis is meaningful, whether an experiment is valid, and whether a result can actually support the conclusion being drawn.
For medical scientists, this may raise the value of research taste: knowing which question is worth asking. When machines can generate many plausible experiments, choosing the important one becomes more significant, not less. Expertise in experimental design, biology, statistics, reproducibility, and scientific skepticism should remain central even as the mechanics of discovery become increasingly automated.
Labor-market picture
Two measures, different questions
These measures offer two different ways to understand the occupation: BLS projections show how national employment may change over time, while relative AI exposure highlights where tasks may intersect with AI-related capabilities. Read them with the work profile and your local context to decide what deserves closer investigation.
Employment
- Employment, 2025
- 181,000 jobs
- Projected employment, 2035
- 203,700 jobs
- Projected change, 2025–2035
- 22,700 jobs (12.6%)
Relative AI exposure
BLS category: Very high. This is a relative task-exposure classification, not a forecast of employment change, automation, wages, or worker replacement.
Relative AI exposure · Very high
Work profile
Representative tasks
These task statements come from O*NET 31.0. They are source facts, not labels assigned by the AI exposure measure.
- Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.
- Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.
- Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.
- Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.
- Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.
- Teach principles of medicine and medical and laboratory procedures to physicians, residents, students, and technicians.
Skills that matter
Skills in the source profile
Importance uses O*NET's 1–5 scale. Level uses its 0–7 scale. Select a skill to see its source definition and reported values.
Technology and tools
These technology records come from O*NET and show software or tools reported in the occupation profile. They describe work context, not a required checklist for every employer.
- Graphics or photo imaging software
- Analytical or scientific software
- Data base user interface and query software
- Geographic information system
- Electronic mail software
- Development environment software
- Information retrieval or search software
- Operating system software
Preparation
- Typical entry education
- Doctoral or professional degree
- Related experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
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Source provenance
Labor-market and exposure facts: bls-ep-2025-35. Work profile: onet-31.0. Verify release details on the Sources page.